Color: The color palette is extremely limited, dominated by black line work and shading against a light background (white or cream). Occasional use of a single, often striking accent color (like pink) serves to highlight specific elements or add a layer of emotional tone without detracting from the primary focus on line. This restricted palette maximizes the visual impact of the linework and contrasts.
Lighting: Lighting is defined through the application of line, hatching, and solid black areas rather than realistic light sources. Strong contrasts are created between areas of dense shading and untouched white space, defining form and texture. The effect is highly graphic and stylized, focusing on visual contrast and pattern created by the lines.
Design Technique: The styles emphasize detailed linework, expressive hatching, and cross-hatching techniques for shading, texture, and creating a sense of volume. Figures are often rendered with a high degree of anatomical detail and expressive facial features or poses. The influences range from classic comic art and manga to fine art illustration and sketching. The styles convey a sense of raw artistic skill, graphic power, and the ability to capture diverse subjects with intensity and detail using limited means.