Color: The color palette is extremely limited, primarily consisting of black and white (or a light, off-white/cream background). This high contrast binary creates a strong graphic effect, emphasizing the lines and shapes. Color is used sparingly, or not at all, relying on the interplay of positive and negative space.
Lighting: There is no realistic lighting simulation. Forms and features are defined entirely by the bold black lines and solid black fills or hatching. The style is flat and graphic, with no attempt to render volume or shadow through tonal gradations.
Design Technique: The styles emphasize thick, confident black outlines and simplified forms. Details are reduced to their essential elements, creating iconic and easily recognizable representations of characters or figures. Composition is typically a focused portrait or bust shot, often within a simple frame or against a blank background. The style evokes classic black ink illustration, early comics, and a sense of bold, graphic design. The styles convey a sense of graphic clarity, iconic representation, and direct visual communication.